Barbizon School
The Communist Manifesto (1848), Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
lithography
caricature
La Caricature, La Charivari
The Salon of Refuses (1863)
avant-garde
japonisme

Jean-Francois Millet (1814-75)
    The Sower, 1850, oil
    The Gleaners, 1857, oil

Gustave Courbet (1819-77)
    The Interior of My Studio:  A Real Allegory Summing Up Seven Years of My Life as an Artist, 1855, oil

Honore Daumier (1808-1879)
    Third-Class Carriage, c. 1862, oil
    Gargantua, 1831, lithograph
    Freedom of the Press, 1834, lithograph
    Rue Transnonain, 1834, lithograph

Rosa Bonheur (1822-99)
    The Horse Fair, 1853, oil

Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-79)
    Ellen Terry at Age Sixteen, 1864, carbon print
    Sir John Herschel, c. 1867, collodion/albumen print

Mathew Brady (c. 1822-96),
    Lincoln, Cooper Union Portrait, 1860, Black and White Photograph

Edouard Manet (1832-83)
    Dejeuner sur l'herbe (Luncheon on the Grass), 1863, oil
    Olympia, 1865, oil
    Bar at the Folies Bergere, 1881-82, oil