Nature, Native, and Nation

"Manifest Destiny," 1845

<> Romanticism
Hudson River School
Luminism
Arcadia

pastoral
picturesque
the sublime
James Fenimore Cooper, "The Leatherstocking Tales," 1823-27
Transcendentalism
 Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Henry David Thoreau, Walden, 1854

Thomas Cole (1801-1848)

     Falls of the Kaaterskill, 1826, oil
     View from Mount Holyoke, Northhampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm--   The Oxbow, 1836, oil
     The Course of Empire, 1836, oil
     The Voyage of Life, 1842, oil

Asher B. Durand (1796-1886)

     Kindred Spirits, 1849, oil

Frederick Edwin Church (1826-1900)

     To the Memory of Cole, 1848, oil     
     New England Scenery, 1851, oil
     Niagra, 1857, oil

     Heart of the Andes, 1859, oil,
     Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860s, oil
     Cotopaxi, 1862, oil
    

Robert S. Duncanson (1821-72)

    Blue Hole, Little Miami River, 1851, oi          
    View of Cincinnati, Ohio from Covington, Kentucky, 1858, oil

Fritz Hugh Lane (1804-65)

    The Western Shore with Norman's Woe, 1862, oil

John F. Kensett (1816-72)

    Beacon Rock, Newport Harbor, 1857, oil
    Eaton's Neck, Long Island, 1872, oil

Martin Johnson Heade (1819-1904)
   
    Approaching Thunderstorm, 1859, oil

<> 
George Caleb Bingham (1811-1879)

     Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, c. 1845, oil
     Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers Through the Cumberland Gap, 1851-52, oil

Emanuel Leutze (1816-1868)

    Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way (Westward Ho!), 1861, fresco,
         United States Capital Building

Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902)
 
    The Rocky Mountains, Lander’s Peak, 1863, oil
     Emmigrants Crossing the Plains, 1867, oil
     Donner Lake From the Summit, 1867, oil
     The Last of the Buffalo, c. 1889, oil
 
Thomas Moran (1837-1926)

     The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, 1893-1901, oil

George Inness (1825-94)

    The Lackawanna Valley, c. 1855, oil

John Vanderlyn (1775-1852)

     Murder of Jane McCrea, 1804, oil
     Ariadne Asleep on the Island of Naxos, 1809-14, oil

Enrico Causici
     Daniel Boone Struggling with the Indian , 1826-27, sandstone relief, rotunda of the   U. S. Capitol, Washington, D.C.
   
Charles Bird King (1785-1862)
 
     Bureau of Indian Affairs
     Young Omawhaw, War Eagle, Little Missouri, and Pawnees, 1821, oil
     Keokuk, Sac (Watchful Fox), 1827, oil

Charles Easterly (1809-1882)

    Keokuk, or the Watchful Fox, 1847, oil

George Catlin (1796-1872)
     "Indian Gallery"
     Catlin Painting the Portrait of Mah-to-toh-pa--Mandan, 1857-69, oil
     Mah-to-toh-pa (Four Bears), Mandan Chief, 1832-34, oil
     The Last Race, Part of Okipa Ceremony (Mandan), 1832, oil

 Karl Bodmer (1809-1893)

     Prince Maximilian zu Wied
     Mato’-To’pe (Four Bears), Mandan Chief, 1833-34, watercolor on paper
     Ma’hehsi-Karehde (Flying War Eagle, Mandan Man, 1833-34, watercolor and pencil on paper

John James Audubon (1785-1851)

    Golden Eagle, 1833-34, watercolor, graphite, pastel, with glazing on paper

Lily Martin Spencer (1822-1902)

     Kiss Me and You'll Kiss the Lasses, 1856, oil
     Still Life with Berries and Currants, c. 1859-60, oil

Raphael Peale (1774-1825)

     Venus Rising From the Sea:  A Deception, c. 1822, oil
     Fruit Piece with Peaches Covered by a Handerchief, c. 1819, oi

William Sidney Mount (1807-68)

    Bargaining for a Horse, 1835, oil